I stumbled across this website while looking for pictures of 16th-century milkmaids. It's an encyclopedia of the history of work, and seems to be exclusively European. I haven't run into anything that isn't from Western Europe, yet -- that is, nothing from Russia or Eastern Europe.

There are engravings from the 16th and 17th centuries there, of various professions. For example, this plate by Jost Amman of a cook at work (16th century Germany). I will note that the cook is really, ridiculously burly. Look at his left arm. What the hell, Herr Amman?